本文摘要：(1)“Why not+动词原形+…?”(干嘛不……?)是简略句,完全形式是：Why don’t you+动词原形+…?如：Why not go and have a look?(干嘛不去看看？)Why not try it once again?(为什么不再试试？

(1)“Why not+动词原形+…?”(干嘛不……?)是简略句,完全形式是：Why don’t you+动词原形+…?如：Why not go and have a look?(干嘛不去看看？)Why not try it once again?(为什么不再试试？)(2) seem(似乎)的用法，记着几个结构：①sb./sth. + seem + (to be+)形容词+…；②sb./sth. + seem + like +…；③sb/sth + seem + to(do)；④Itseems that + 从句。如：He seemed (to be) very happy when he was called by the headmaster.(被校长叫到名字时他似乎很开心)It seems that nobody else could do such a foolish thing except Jim.(除了吉姆似乎没有什么人会做出如此愚蠢的事情来)(3)be afraid(畏惧)的用法，记着几个结构：①be afraid of sth; be afraid of (doing)②be afraid to (do);③beafraid that+从句。如：She is a little afraid of snakes.(她有点怕蛇)Don’t beso afraid to stay at home alone at night.(别畏惧晚上一小我私家在家)I’m afraid that somebody will take he is place because of his serious mistakes.(恐怕有人要取代他了,因为他犯了那么大的错误)(4) be sorry(歉仄)的用法，记着几个结构：①be sorry for (sth);②be sorry for (doing sth);③be sorry to (do);④be sorry that+从句。如：I am very sorry forkeeping you waiting so long.(欠好意思让你久等了)I am sorry to trouble you.(对不起,贫苦你了)I am sorry(that) he isn’t here at the moment.(恐怕他现在不在)(5)be sure (确信)的用法，记着几个结构：①be sure of (sth);②be sure to(do);③be sure that+从句。

如：She told me many times that she was sureto come.(她给我讲过多次她一定会来的)/ Are you sure of your answer? Maybe it’s wrong.(你对你的谜底有掌握吗？也许是错的。)I am sure that Dad will help me with the job.(我确信爸爸会帮着我做这件事情的)(6) make与do的用法：一般情况下表现举行运动或者做事情用do,表现缔造建构某事物用make. 如：I don’t know what to do.(我不知道该干什么)I’m not going to doany work.(我禁绝备做什么)/My father and I once madea boat.(我和我爸曾经做过一只船)此外还要记着一些牢固说法：do good/ harm / business / one’s best / a favour……make a decision / an effort / a mistake / a noise / a phone call /money / war / the bed / sure,...(7)put on、wear、have…on、be in、try on、dress的用法：put on强调“穿、戴”这个行动历程,wear则表现“穿着、戴着”这一状态,have+衣物+on主要表现状态,be in(+颜色/衣物)也是表现一个状况,dress(+人)表现“给…人穿衣”。如：Please put onyour new shoes.(请穿上你的新鞋)The twins are wearing the same clothes.(双胞胎穿着相同的衣服)Today she has an overcoat on.(今天她穿着一件大衣)Do you know the woman whois in black?(你认识谁人身穿黑衣的女人吗？)Dad is dressing Tom now.(爹正在给汤姆穿衣)[注意]dress与wear或put on的区别：wear或put on常用衣物作宾语,而dress常用人作宾语。表现给自己穿衣时常用“get dressed”或“dress oneself”表达。

be dressed in与wear基本同义。dress up意为“穿上盛装、乔装妆扮”。如：Could you dress the baby for me?(你能替我给宝宝穿衣吗？)He is eight but can’t dress himself.(他八岁了,还不会穿衣服)She was dressed ina red coat.(她穿着一件红上衣)Do I have to dress upto go to Jim’s party?(我得穿上好衣服去到场吉姆的聚会吗？)(8)like、love与enjoy的用法：三个词都含有“喜欢”的意思,可是,like和enjoy后面跟动名词,love后面一般跟动词不定式。

like后面有时跟动词不定式,表现一种习惯或嗜好(往往与详细的时间或所在有关)。enjoy后面还可以加名词、反身代词,表现“享受…兴趣；玩得开心”。如：Do you likes hopping?(你喜欢购物吗？)He likes to have a swim when he gets home every afternoon.(天天下午放学后他总爱游个泳)They love to sing foreign songs.(他们喜爱唱外国歌曲)Did you enjoyyourself at the party?(在聚会上你玩得开心吗？)He enjoys living in China.(他喜欢在中国生活)(9)study、learn的用法：study主要表现“学习、研究”,指历程；而learn主要表现“学会”,指效果。表现“学”时可以交换。

如：How many subjects do you study?(你学几多门课程？)Have you learned it yet?(这个你学过了吗？)How long have you studied/learned English?(你学英语多久了？)learn还可以表现“听说”如He learned the musician himself was in town.(他听说音乐家本人就在城里)(10)think、want、would like的用法：三个词都含有“想”的意思,但think指“思考、思量”,want指“想要、愿望、企图”,would like指“想要”,think后面一般跟介词短语或从句,want和would like后面跟名词或动词不定式。如：Do you think that China will become a developed country in 40 years?(你认为中国会在40年后成为蓬勃国家吗？)I am thinking of the money I once lent to Li Min.(我正在想着以前借给黎敏的钱)What do you really want to say?(你到底想干什么？)Which of these cakes would you like(to have)?(这些饼子中你想吃哪些？)(11)look for、search…for、find、find out的用法：前面两个词语表现行动历程,后面两个表现效果,look for指“寻找”不见的或丢失的工具,但还没有找到；search…for…指“为找…而搜寻…”；find指“找到”了工具；find out主要指“查明一个事实真相”。如：Hey,Monkey, what are you looking forin the cupboard?(嘿,猴儿！你在厨子内里找什么呢？)Have you found the lost key to your car?(你找着丢失的车钥匙了吗？)The soldiers were searchingthe room for the spy when they heard a loud noise.(士兵们正在房间内里搜寻特工突然间他们听到了一声巨响)Let’s try to find outwho broke the window.(让我们查查谁把窗子打破了)[注解]find的几个结构：find sb. sth“为某人找到…”,find sth./sb. + adj./n.“觉察某人是…”,find it +adj.+ to do…(或+宾语从句)“发现(做……)如何”。如：His mother foundher daughter a very clever girl.(他的母亲发现她的女儿是个智慧的女孩)(名词作补语补足语)You can easily find it not good for your health to eat cold food.(你很容易就会发现吃冷食对你的身体是倒霉的)(12)listen to、hear的用法：两个词与听觉有关,listen to指“听”这一历程,hear指“听到”这一效果。

如：Are you listening tome, Jim? Yes, I have heard your words.(吉姆,你在听我说吗？是的,你的话我全听见了)(13)look、see、watch、read的用法：四个词均与眼睛有关look指放眼去“看”(不管是否看获得),指“看”的历程；see指“瞥见”这一效果,有时see还引申为“明确”,表现“看”时后面加“影戏”等词；watch指专注的看,含有“注视、监视”之义,后面常跟“电视、角逐”等词；read限制为看书面质料,译为“看、阅读”,后面跟“书、报纸、杂志”等词如：What are you looking at?(你在看什么？)Please look at the blackboard.(请看黑板Let me go to seethe film, mum, will you?(妈妈,让我去看影戏吧,好吗？)He won’t feel well until he finishes watching the football match.(要看完了足球赛他才会感受好些)/Reading gives us knowledge.(阅读给我们知识)(14)hear、hear of、hear from、learn的用法：hear“听说”,后面可以跟名词、代词、从句表现听见的内容,hear of“听说”,后面跟人,指对某人有耳闻但没有见过面；hear from“收到… …的来信”,后面加人；learn“听说、得知”,后面跟随句,寄义与hear相似。如：I hear Mr Green is coming to see us tonight.(我听说格林先生今晚要来探望我们)/Have you ever heard ofthe man who once went to the Himalaya Mountains?(你是否听说过谁人去过喜马拉雅山的人？)How often do you hearfrom your father?(隔多久你收到你父亲的信？)He learned the musician himself wasin town.(他听说音乐家本人就在城里)(15)speak、talk、say、tell的用法：四个词与“说”有关。

speak“讲话、讲话、演说”,是不及物动词,涉及人时要加介词to, speak作及物动词时后面跟语言名称；talk“谈话、闲谈”,是不及物动词,涉及人时用介词with、to等,涉及事情时后面跟介词about等；say 是及物动词,后面跟名词、代词、从句等,表现说的内容；tell是及物动词,后面首先要跟人,然后再跟随句或者介词短语等。如：Do you speakEnglish?(你讲英语吗？)Who spoke at the meeting?(谁在会上发了言？)/Our teacher is talkingto Lin Tao’s parent.(我们的老师正在跟林涛的家长讲话)Can you say it inEnglish?(你能用英语说出它吗？)Please tell me something about the strange flyingobject.(请跟我讲讲谁人奇怪的航行物的事情吧)(16)be able to(do)、can的用法：can是情态动词,有许多寄义,表现“可能、可以、会”等意思,只有现在式can和已往式could两种形式；be able to表现能力上“会”,有多种时态形式,to后面跟动词原形,有时可以与can/could交换。如：Can you speak English?(你会说英语吗？)He couldn’t(wasn’t ableto) swim when he was 12.(他十二岁时不会游泳)(17)there be、have的用法：两个词都可以译为“有”,可是,have表现的是“拥有”,主语必须是人或者物there be表现“存在”的观点,主语在there be之后。

如：How many brothers and sisters do you have?I haveonly one brother.(你有几多兄弟？我只有一个兄弟。)How many chairs and desks are therein their classroom? There is none.(他们课堂里有几多张桌椅？一张也没有。)[注解]there be sb./sth doing与there be sb./sth to do 有所差别：用doing表现一个正在发生的事情,而用to do 则表现一个滞后或迟于there be的行动。

如：Look! There is a dog lyingon the stairway. /Take your time. There is nothing for you to dotonight.(18)borrow、lend、keep的用法：表现“借”的三个词,borrow“借进”、lend“借出”都是一次性行动,不行以和表现一段的时间状语连用；keep“生存”用来表现借一段时间。如：I have lost the book I borrowedfrom my teacher. What can I do?(我丢掉了从老师那里借来的书)How long have you keptmy dictionary, eh? For more than two months!(呃,我的字典你借了多久了？两个多月了！)(19)bring、take、carry、send、lift的用法：bring指从远处“拿来”；take指从眼前“拿走”；carry指一般的搬运,不涉及偏向；send主要指“送、派遣、寄”；lift指把工具由低向高“提起、拎起”。例略。

(20)hope、wish的用法：两个词都表现“希望”,可是,hope表达有掌握或信心实现的事情,后面直接跟动词不定式或者宾语从句,不行以跟动名词或作宾语补足语的不定式；wish表达实现的可能性不大的事情,后面跟名词、宾语从句(用已往时)或者作宾语补足语的不定式。如：We all hopeto see him very soon.(我们全都希望尽快见到他)I hope it will befine tomorrow so that we can go out.(我希望明天天好,这样我们就能出去了。

)How I wishit was not raining at the moment!(我何等希望现在不在下雨！)(事实上天正在下雨)(21)take、spend、pay、cost的用法：spend的宾语通常是款项或时间,句型：sb.+(spend)+时间/款项+on sth / (in) doing sth. ；take的主语通常是事情,句型：sth./It+ (take)+sb.+时间+to do…。(如果是行动则常用it作形式主语将动词不定式后移)；cost的宾语通常是时间、款项、力气,句型：sth.+(cost)+sb.+时间/款项/力气. ；pay的宾语通常是款项,句型：sb.+(pay)+款项+for+事物.如：She spent the whole night reading the novel.(她花了一个晚上看那本小说)This job willtake me two days.=It will take me two days to do the job.(做这件事情要花我两天的时间)How much does a house like this cost?(像这样的屋子要花几多钱？)I paid him twenty dollars for the book..(我花了20元从他那儿买了书)(22)begin、start的用法：begin在大多数情况下可以替代start,(反义词是end),后面接不定式或动名词时区别不大,可是start还可以表现“开始、出发、启动”反义词是stop；某事停止后再重新开始一般用start.如：When did you begin/startto learn English?(你什么时候开始学英语的？)They started getting in the crops after the rain stopped.(雨停后他们开始收割庄稼)This time he could not starthis car.(这次他没法启动他的汽车)(23)arrive in/at、reach、get to的用法：arrive是不及物动词,到达详细所在时后面加介词at,到达一个大的地方(国家、都会)时后面加介词in, arrive后面可以直接跟所在副词here/there/home等；get表现“到达”时是不及物动词,涉及所在(无论巨细)时后面加to, get后面可以直接跟所在副词here等reach是及物动词,后面直接跟所在名词。如：He arrived in San Franciscolast Sunday.(上个星期天他抵达旧金山)How did you get therein the night?(你是怎样在夜间到达那里的？)We hurried all the way and reachedthe station just five minutes before the train left.(我们一路狂奔在火车启动前5分钟到达车站)(24)be made of、be made from、be made into、be made in、be made by、be made for的区别：be made of指从制制品中可以看得出原质料be made from则指从制制品中看不出原质料,口语中都可以换成be made out of。be made into表现“被制成……”be made in表达被制造的所在be made by表达制造的人be made for表达被制造的目的。

如：This kind of paper is made frombamboo.(这种纸是由竹子生产的）The desk is made of wood and metal.(桌子是铁和木头打的)A lot of paperhas been made into paper birds.(许多纸被折叠成了小鸟)Computers are made inthese cities.(盘算机是在这几个都会制造的)This kite was made byUncle Wang.(这个鹞子是王叔叔做的)A big bag was made for me to hold my waste things.(一只大包做好了让我装废物)(25)be used for、be used to、used to、get used to的区别：①be used for + 名词/代词或动名词②be used to + 动词原形,表现两个短语意思相近,表现“用于…”③ used to + 动词原形,表现“已往经常”,否认式可以是“didn’t use to”也可以是“usedn’t to”；④get/be used to + 动名词,表现“习惯于….”。如：A knife can be used forcutting things.(刀可以用来割工具)A knife can be used to cut things.(刀可以用来割工具)He used toborrow novels from the library when he was at school.(他上学时经常在图书馆借书)He is used to getting up early in the morning. (他习惯早起)(26)beat, win与lose：beat (打败),后面跟“人”,而win(赢得),后面跟“角逐、竞赛”等。如：Who won at last?(最后谁赢了？Class Three beatus 5-0.(三班以5∶0打败了我们)I am sure to win the match.(我一定能赢得角逐)而lose则表现“输了”,常用句型：lose sth. to sb.如：Unluckily we lost the match to Class Three. (不幸的是我们角逐输给了三班)(27)grow、plant、keep的区别：plant着重讲“栽、种植”这个行动grow则指种植以后的“栽培”、“治理”keep则主要指“喂养”、“赡养”一小我私家或者动物。

如：He grew vegetables in his garden.(他在园子里种菜)I planted ten trees last year,but four of them died.(去年我栽了10棵树,可是死了4棵)Old women enjoy keeping cats ordogs to kill the time.(暮年的妇女喜欢养猫养狗打发时间)(28)fall 、drop的区别：fall指工具由高处向下坠落,不及物动词；也可以作连系动词,意思是“变得,进入某种状态”。drop表现物体由高处往低处落下,不及物动词；或让物体落向低处,及物动词。如：The man fell off the tractor and hurt himself.(谁人人从拖拉机上摔下来跌伤了)Soon after they touched the pillows they fell(系动词) fast asleep.(他们头挨枕头不久就睡着了)He felt as if he had to dropmaths.(他以为似乎要放弃数学)He dropped a letter into the mail-box.(他向邮箱里丢了一封信)(29)join、join in、take part in的区别：join多指到场组织、团体、党派等,后面跟人时表现和某人一起到场某项运动；join in指到场某项游戏或运动take part in多指到场群众性的运动、运动、集会等。

如：He joined the army in 2001.(他2001年参军)They joined me in congratulating you.(他们和我一起向你祝贺)Do join us in the game.(千万到场我们的角逐)He took an active part inthe students’movement in the 1940s.(在二十世纪40年月他努力到场学生运动)(30)beat、hit、strike的用法区别：beat指“一连不停地攻击；(心脏的)跳动”；hit指“一次性地撞击、掷中”；strike与hit基本同义,还可以明白为“划(洋火)、给……深刻的印象”如：The man looks dead, but his heart is still beating weakly.(谁人人看上去死了可心脏还在微弱地跳动)He hit the ball so hard that it flew over their heads and fell into the lake他踢球的劲太大球飞过他们的头顶落入水中He went into the room and struck a match(洋火). (他走进房间划着了一根洋火)(31)carry on、carryout的区别：carryon表现“举行、继续”carryout表现“举行、贯彻、实现”。如：I will carryon the work.(我会继续事情)/I have some difficulties in carryingout his orders.(对于执行他的下令我有问题)(32)be amazed与be surprised的区别：be amazed“感应惊讶”,指人对某个不行能发生却实际发生了的事情感应极其的讶异；be surprised“感应受惊”指人对突发的事件感应惊讶。如：When he dived deep into the sea, he was amazed at the colours of all the beautiful coral reefs.(他深潜到海中时被所有漂亮的珊瑚礁惊呆了)He was very surprised when he heard a loud noise from inside the room.(听到房间里传出一个很大的声音他很是地受惊)(33)warn的用法：warn sb. of/aboutsth”意思是“针对…而警告某人”warn sb (not) to do sth”意思是“告戒某人(不)要做某事”warn sb. + that从句”意思是“警告某人说……”。

如：They warned the passengers of thieves.(他警告路人小心窃贼)I warn you that you will fail in the coming exams if you are still so lazy.(我警告你：如果你还这么懒在即未来到的考试中你会不及格的。)He was warned not to go out in the late night. (他受到警告不要在深夜出去)(34)think of与think about等短语的区别：think of表现“思量、忖量、认为、想起、建议”等think about”表现“看待、认为”think much /highly /a lot of”表现“高度评价…”think over”表现“仔细思量”think out”表现“想出”。如：The headmaster thought highly of this boy.(校长高度地评价了这个男孩)We’re thinking of going to France for our holiday.(我们在思量去法国家假的事情)Think it over and you will have a way.(仔细思量就有措施)I cannot think of his name. I forgot it. (我想不起他的名字我忘了)－What do you think about his composition?－Very good!(他的作文你以为怎么样？ 很好。)(35)agree with/ agree to / agree on等词语用法：“agree to+动词”表现“同意做某事”,“agree with + sb./看法”表现“赞同…的看法”agree about表现“对…话题有相同看法”agree to +建议”表现“同意”某人的建议agree on + 决议”表现“赞成某人的决议”。

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